Title: The Initial Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of ~3,600 Stars and Brown Dwarfs Authors: Kirkpatrick J.D., Marocco F., Gelino C.R., Raghu Y., Faherty J.K., Bardalez Gagliuffi D.C., Schurr S.D., Apps K., Schneider A.C., Meisner A.M., Kuchner M.J., Caselden D., Smart R.L., Casewell S.L., Raddi R., Kesseli A., Andersen N.S., Antonini E., Beaulieu P., Bickle T.P., Bilsing M., Chieng R., Colin G., Deen S., Dereveanco A., Doll K., Luca H.A.D., Frazer A., Gantier J.M., Gramaize L., Grant K., Hamlet L.K., Higashimura H., Hyogo M., Jalowiczor P.A., Jonkeren A., Kabatnik M., Kiwy F., Martin D.W., Michaels M.N., Pendrill W., Pessanha Machado C., Pumphrey B., Rothermich A., Russwurm R., Sainio A., Sanchez J., Sapelkin-Tambling F.T., Schumann J., Selg-Mann K., Singh H., Stenner A., Sun G., Tanner C., Thevenot M., Ventura M., Voloshin N.V., Walla J., Wedracki Z., Adorno J.I., Aganze C., Allers K.N., Brooks H., Burgasser A.J., Calamari E., Connor T., Costa E., Eisenhardt P.R., Gagne J., Gerasimov R., Gonzales E.C., Hsu C., Kiman R., Li G., Low R., Mamajek E., Pantoja B.M., Popinchalk M., Rees J.M., Stern D., Suarez G., Theissen C., Tsai C.-W., Vos J.M., Zurek D., The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration Table: Stars Lacking Trigonometric Parallaxes but Possibly within 20 pc ================================================================================ Byte-by-byte Description of file: apjsad24e2t1_mrt.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 27 A27 --- Name Name 29- 37 A9 --- SName Approximate J2000 Coordinates used as a short name throughout text 39- 48 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, decimal degrees (J2000) 50- 59 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination, decimal degrees (J2000) 61- 82 A22 --- SpT Spectral type(s) 84- 88 A5 --- r_SpT Reference(s) for SpT (1) 91- 91 A1 --- q_Dest-lit Quality flag on Dest-lit 93- 96 F4.1 pc Dest-lit Estimated distance from the literature 98-100 F3.1 pc e_Dest-lit ?="" Uncertainty in Dest-lit 102-102 I1 --- r_Dest-lit Reference(s) for Dest-lit (2) 104-108 A5 pc Dest-Adopt Adopted distance estimate (3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): References for SpT as follows: 1 = Koester et al. (2009) [2009A&A...505..441K]; 2 = Farihi et al. (2006) [2006ApJ...646..480F]; 3 = Bergfors et al. (2016) [2016MNRAS.456.2576B]; 4 = Malo et al. (2014) [2014ApJ...792...37M]; 5 = Calissendorff et al. (2020) [2020A&A...642A..57C]; 6 = Terrien et al. (2015) [2015ApJS..220...16T]; 7 = Jeffers et al. (2018) [2018A&A...614A..76J]; 8 = Lepine et al. (2013) [2013AJ....145..102L]; 9 = Alonso-Floriano et al. (2015) [2015A&A...577A.128A]; 10 = Bowler et al. (2019) [2019ApJ...877...60B]; 11 = Janson et al. (2012) [2012ApJ...754...44J]; 12 = Rajpurohit et al. (2020) [2020MNRAS.492.5844R]; 14 = Scholz et al. (2005) [2005A&A...442..211S]; 15 = Rajpurohit et al. (2013) [2013A&A...556A..15R]; 16 = Reid et al. (2007) [2007AJ....133.2825R]; Note (2): References for Dest-lit as follow: 1 = Gliese & Jahreiss (1991) [1991adc..rept.....G]; 2 = Finch et al. (2014) [2014AJ....148..119F]; 3 = Winters et al. (2015) [2015AJ....149....5W]; Note (3): This is the adopted distance estimate. See per-object notes below for details -- 0037-2053: Farihi et al. (2006) [2006ApJ...646..480F] estimate independent distances of 63 pc for the white dwarf and 51 pc for the M dwarf, placing the system well outside of 20 pc; 0213-4654: There is a single Gaia eDR3 entry for this source with G = 13.12+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.83+/-0.01 mag, the latter suggesting an M4 dwarf (Kiman et al. (2019) [2019AJ....157..231K]). Kiman et al. (2019) [2019AJ....157..231K] find that M_G ~10.4 mag for an M3.5 dwarf or M_G ~10.8 mag for an M4. If the Gaia source represents joint photometry of the system, then the implied distance is >=41 pc; if the Gaia source represents only one component, then the implied distance is >=29 pc. In either case, this system appears to be outside of 20 pc; 0332+2843: This young system, a likely member of the {beta} Pic Moving Group, has a distance estimate of 55+/-4 pc from Malo et al. (2014) [2014ApJ...792...37M], placing it well outside of 20 pc; 0401+4254: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 10.70+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.19+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~9.2 mag (type ~M1.5-M2; Kiman et al. (2019) [2019AJ....157..231K] , implying a distance of 20 pc if the object is single. Given that the object has no five-parameter astrometric solution in Gaia eDR3, it is likely a multiple system, which would push this distance estimate even larger; 0424+5339: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 13.12+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.86+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~11.3 mag (type ~M4-M4.5), implying a distance of 23 pc if the object is single; 0640-1627: Winters et al. (2015) [2015AJ....149....5W] derived the ~20 pc distance estimate under the assumption that this object was single. Gaia eDR3 splits this into two nearly equal-magnitude components, pushing the distance estimate beyond 20 pc; 0657+7405: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 12.37+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.70+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~10.8 mag (type ~M4), implying a distance of 21 pc if the object is single. (A previously overlooked measurement of \varomega_{abs}=37.8+/-4.1 mas from Finch & Zacharias (2016b) [2016yCat.1333....0F] places this object at ~26.5 pc.); 0754+0832: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 11.79+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.46+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~10.0 mag (type ~M2.5-M3), implying a distance of 24 pc if the object is single; 0759+1719: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 12.71+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.80+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~10.9 mag (type ~M3.5), implying a distance of 23 pc if the object is single. If the absolute magnitude is even fainter, as the Bowler et al. (2019) [2019ApJ...877...60B] spectral type suggests, this moves the single-object estimate within 20 pc. 1315-0249: There is a single Gaia eDR3 entry for this source with G = 12.92+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.83+/-0.01 mag. The color implies M_G = 11.2 mag (M4-M4.5). If the Gaia source represents only the primary, then the implied distance is 22 pc. If the Gaia magnitude is a joint magnitude, the implied distance is even larger. In either case, this system appears to be outside of 20 pc; 1341+4854: There is a single Gaia eDR3 entry for this source with G = 12.44+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.64+/-0.01 mag (M3.5-M4). The measured, joint spectral type of the system implies M_G = 10.0-10.4 mag. (The {Delta}{i^\prime} = 0.5 mag of the binary measured by Lamman et al. (2020) [2020AJ....159..139L], would imply M components separated by only a half spectral subclass, so we assume an absolute magnitude range encompassing M3-M3.5.) If the Gaia source represents only the primary, then the implied distance is >=26 pc. Other assumptions push this value larger, so this system is assumed to lie beyond 20 pc; 1625+2601: There is a single Gaia eDR3 entry for this source with G = 11.59+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.52+/-0.01 mag (M3). The {Delta}{i^\prime} = 0.5 mag of the binary measured by Lamman et al. (2020) [2020AJ....159..139L], would imply M components separated by only a half spectral subclass, so we assume an absolute magnitude range encompassing M2.5-M3, or M_G = 9.7-10.0 mag. If the Gaia source represents only the primary, then the implied distance is >=21 pc. Other assumption push this value larger, so this system is assumed to lie beyond 20 pc. (A previously overlooked measurement of \varomega_{abs} = 39.7+/-7.2 mas from Finch & Zacharias (2016b) [2016yCat.1333....0F] places this object at ~25.2 pc.); 2208-0824: Huber et al. (2016) [2016ApJS..224....2H] estimate a distance of 31.1 pc using reduced proper motion and colors covering a wide wavelength baseline. Scholz et al. (2005) [2005A&A...442..211S]; estimate a distance of 27.5 pc based on the 2MASS J-band magnitude and spectral type. 2234-6107: Gaia eDR3 measures G = 13.61+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 3.04+/-0.01 mag. The color suggests a value of M_G ~11.9 mag (type ~M5), implying a distance of 22 pc if the object is single. 2311-1701: Reid et al. (2007) [2007AJ....133.2825R] estimate a distance of 10.0 pc and Scholz et al. (2005) [2005A&A...442..211S] estimate 17.4 pc, assuming the object is single in both cases. Gaia eDR3 splits this into two sources with G = 12.61+/-0.01 mag and G = 13.25+/-0.01 mag, having colors of G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.85+/-0.01 mag and G_{Bp} - G_{Rp} = 2.84+/-0.01 mag, respectively. The colors suggest a value of M_G ~11.3 mag (type ~M4.5) for both components, implying a distance of 18-25 pc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EGGR 285 AB 0037-2053 9.352994 -20.895999 DA3+M3.5 1,2 ~ 16. 1 51-63 2MASS J02133021-4654505 AB 0213-4654 33.376130 -46.914003 M3.5+M3.5 3 19.0 4.4 2 >=29 2MASS J03323578+2843554 ABC 0332+2843 53.149418 28.731716 M4+M6{gamma}+L0{gamma} 4,5 15.8 3.1 2 55 TYC 2885-494-1 0401+4254 60.291356 42.908987 17.7 3.5 2 >=20 PM J04248+5339 E 0424+5339 66.220239 53.663644 M4 6 19.0 3.2 2 >=23 LP 780-23 AB 0640-1627 100.036317 -16.456009 M2.5 7 ~ 20.0 3 >=20 PM J06574+7405 0657+7405 104.357470 74.090588 M4 8 17.0 3.2 2 >=21 2MASS J07543412+0832252 0754+0832 118.641273 8.540408 M2.5 9 17.8 3.3 2 >=24 PM J07591+1719 0759+1719 119.779474 17.329659 M4-5 10 19.0 3.7 2 >=23 LP 617-21 AB 1315-0249 198.827584 -2.831640 M3.5+M4.5 11 ~ 18.7 3 >=22 GSC 03466-00805 AB 1341+4854 205.365957 48.912086 M3 12 19.2 3.6 2 >=26 LP 386-49 AB 1625+2601 246.383899 26.027218 M3 8 ~ 15. 1 >=21 LTT 8875 2208-0824 332.135825 -8.415613 M2.5 14 ~ 19.3 3 >=27 L 166-44 2234-6107 338.521173 -61.128008 M4.5 15 ~ 18.9 3 >=22 LP 822-37 AB 2311-1701 347.991624 -17.032996 M4 15,16 ~ 18.8 3 >=18